Nutrition Guide

1. L-Glutathione

L-Glutathione is a protein produced naturally in the body. Its’ levels in the body may be reduced by a number of factors, including poor nutrition, environmental toxins, and stress. Its levels also decline with age. L-Glutathione is one of the major endogenous antioxidants produced by the cells, comprised largely of three amino acids: glutamine, glycine, and cysteine.

L-Glutathione participating directly in the neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen compounds. Free radicals are produce by normal cellular metabolic oxidation and toxic overload, it cause ageing and may contribute to malfunction of body system. L-Glutathione is called “the master antioxidant” because it can regenerate itself in the liver after each fill-up of free radicals and go back to work. It is used in metabolic and biochemical reactions such as DNA synthesis and repair, protein synthesis, prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport, and enzyme activation. Thus, every system in the body can be affected by the state of the glutathione system, especially the immune system, the nervous system, the gastrointestinal system, and the lungs. L-Glutathione is also play an important role in maintaining exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E in their reduced (active) form.

 

Research has shown that raised glutathione levels decrease muscle damage, reduce recovery time, increase strength and endurance. It is often used for helping in whitening your skin and reducing the levels of pigmentation.

2. Collagen Peptide

Fish collagen peptides, are known to have the up to 1.5 times more efficiently absorption into the body and higher bioavailability due to their smaller particle sizes compared to other animal collagens. Fish collagen with hydroxyproline peptides stimulate cells in the skin, joints and bones, and lead to collagen synthesis through cell activation and growth, best known for providing the foundation for beautiful skin.

Fish Collagen Peptides:

• Contains Type I collagen which provides the primary support for the skin and joints.
• Helps improve the appearance of skin and nails.
• Helps provide building blocks for collagen synthesis.
• Helps boost the skin's resilience and capacity for water absorption and retention.
• Helps increase skin elasticity for smoother, healthier skin.
• Helps support natural beauty from within.
• Collagen is one of the most important structural substances in the body: 85% of the skin is collagen.

 

3. Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment that belongs to a group of chemicals called carotenoids. It occurs naturally in certain algae and causes the pink or red color in salmon, trout, lobster, shrimp, and other seafood.

Astaxanthin with strong antioxidant properties displayed one of the highest antioxidant activity against free radicals in some study. Over 500 scientific studies demonstrates astaxanthin’s health benefits in supporting our eye health, heart health, immune support, joint health, skin health and sports performance and recovery

 

Astaxanthin might reduce skin damage caused by the sun. Taking astaxanthin by mouth for 9 weeks appears to reduce redness and loss of skin moisture caused by rays of the sun called “UV” rays.

Early research shows that taking astaxanthin by mouth improves skin elasticity and reduces fine lines and wrinkles in middle-aged women and men. It also help to improve the moisture content in the skin.

4. Vitamin E

Vitamin E is found in many foods including vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and wheat germ oil. It is an important vitamin required for the proper function of many organs in the body. It is also an antioxidant that helps to slow down processes that damage cells. Vitamin E is also used for skin disorders, aging skin, sunburns, improving physical endurance, increasing energy, reducing muscle damage after exercise, and improving muscle strength.

 

Vitamin E is also used for cataracts, asthma, respiratory infections, skin disorders, aging skin, sunburns, cystic fibrosis, infertility, impotence, chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS), peptic ulcers, for certain inherited diseases and to prevent allergies.

5. Vitamin C

Vitamin C is in the list of the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, which recognize Vitamin C is one of the most effective and safe medicines need in a human health system.

 

Vitamin C functions as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in humans, that mediate a variety of essential biological functions, including wound healing and collagen synthesis.

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps support the immune system and helps neutralize free radicals in the body.† Additionally, vitamin C is necessary for the body to manufacture collagen, which is important for healthy skin.

Studies show that consuming more vitamin C can increase your blood antioxidant levels by up to 30%. This helps the body's natural defenses fight inflammation.

1. Saw Palmetto

Man prostate typically gets bigger with age. An enlarged prostate puts pressure on the urethra, either blocking urine flow or increasing it. Saw palmetto is a herbal remedy that use to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), which is a condition that occurs in men. BPH is an enlargement of the prostate that isn’t due to cancer.

The prostate is part of the male reproductive system. It’s a walnut-size gland located inside the body between the bladder and urethra. However, a prostate gland that grows too large can place pressure on your bladder or urethra. This can cause urinary problems. BPH can be uncomfortable. It may prevent you from being able to urinate, even though you feel the urge. Other times, you may be unable to stop urinating completely, or dribbling might continue after urination.

Saw palmetto works by stopping the breakdown of testosterone into its by-product, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This by-product helps the body hold on to more of its testosterone and create less dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which can slow or stop the growth of the prostate gland.

Saw palmetto can help alleviate some of the symptoms of BPH by stopping prostate growth. These symptoms include:

• frequent urination
• Increase urination at night (nocturia)
• Trouble starting urine steam
• Weak urine stream
• Dribbling after urinating
• Straining while urinating

High levels of DHT can reduce hair growth. As a result, some people believe that saw palmetto extracts and supplements may help to prevent hair loss. One study found that saw palmetto promotes hair regeneration and repairs hair loss by activating the signaling pathways responsible for hair growth.

Research has also suggested that DHT may contribute to the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, it is possible that saw palmetto might help to prevent this disease by slowing down the conversion of DHT. Prescription medications can also slow down this conversion, but they often have severe side effects. Saw palmetto may inhibit DHT without serious side effects.

2. Zinc

Zinc is an essential micronutrient. Zinc is critical to normal prostate function. In fact, a normal prostate has the highest levels of zinc in the body. Study showed that malignant prostate tissue and prostate tissue from men with BPH had significantly less zinc than normal prostate tissue. The study also found an increase in urinary zinc excretion.

Zinc helps your body:

• fight off invading bacteria and viruses
• produce DNA and genetic material
• repair the gastrointestinal tract

 

3. Pumpkin Seed

Study showed a combination of pumpkin seed extract and saw palmetto extract may improve benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms, are safe and effective alternative treatments for BPH.

Study found that pumpkin seed extract could block certain types of prostate growth.

Dihydrotestosterone, a powerful metabolite of testosterone, builds up in the prostate and causes it to grow. The phytochemicals in pumpkin seeds may reduce the effects of dihydrotestosterone on the prostate. They may also block the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone.

Further research suggests that taking pumpkin seeds or their products as supplements can help treat symptoms of an overactive bladder. One study in 45 men and women with overactive bladders found that 10 grams of pumpkin seed extract daily improved urinary function 

Pumpkin seed contain a lot of antioxidants like carotenoids, Vitamin E, and a decent amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, potassium, vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and folate. Antioxidants can reduce inflammation and protect cells from harmful free radicals. Pumpkin seeds are also rich in zinc. The zinc in pumpkin seeds may links to prostate health.

1. Milk Thistle (Silymarin)

Silymarin is considered to be the main component of milk thistle seeds. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver disorders, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and gallbladder problems.

Preliminary laboratory studies found that silymarin exerted

• antiviral,
• anti-inflammatory,
• antioxidant, a
• liver-protective effects, 
• alter cell metabolism,
• kick off stress signaling to promote cell repair and survival more than cell .

Silymarin is the most commonly used herbal supplement in the United States for liver problems. It’s regularly used as a complementary therapy by people who have liver damage due to conditions like alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and even liver cancer.

2. Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Vitamin B3, also known as Niacin, helps convert food into energy by aiding enzymes. It is a a major component involved in cellular metabolism.

Niacin plays a role in cellular signaling, metabolism and DNA production and repair, in addition also acting as an antioxidant.

3. Vitamin B5 (D-calcium Pantothenate)

This Vitamin B5 most known for protecting cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of glutathione – an important compound aiding in the oxidation-reduction of cells.

Vitamin B5 is an essential nutrient that synthesizes and metabolizes fats, carbohydrate, and protein. It plays an important role in helping enzymes work effectively in liver.

4. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl)

Pyridoxine is one of the Vitamin B family. This Vitamin B6 plays an important role in the body. It involved in amino acid metabolism, needed to maintain the health of red blood cell production and needed inthe creation of neurotransmitters.

 

Alcoholism, liver disease, overactive thyroid and heart failure may cause low level of this vitamin B6.

5. Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)

Vitamin B12 is required for proper red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis.  Due to its role in energy metabolism, vitamin B12 is frequently promoted as an energy enhancer and an athletic performance and endurance booster. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes tiredness, weakness and nerve problems.

 

Methylcobalamin is the activated form of vitamin B12 compared with  other form of Vitamin B12. Methylcobalamin or its combined use with other agents has the potential analgesic effect.

6. Olive Leaf Extract (Oleuropein)

Oleuropein has several pharmacological properties, including

• antioxidant ,
• anti-inflammatory,
• anti-atherogenic,
• anti-cancer,
• antimicrobial, and

It is commercially available as food supplement in Mediterranean countries. In addition, oleuropein has been shown to be cardioprotective and has been shown to exhibit anti-ischemic activities.

7. Tumeric extract

Tumeric has been used in Ayurvedic medicine, for many conditions, including breathing problems, rheumatism, serious pain, and fatigue. Today, turmeric is used as a dietary supplement for inflammation; arthritis; stomach, skin, liver, and gallbladder problems; cancer; and other conditions.

Curcumin is the main active ingredient in turmeric. This bioactive substance has powerful anti-inflammatory effects at molecular level, can suppress many molecules known to play major role in inflammation. Many studies show that curcumin matches and even more effective than some of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Curcumin also has powerful antioxidant effects. It neutralizes free radicals on its own but also stimulates your body's own antioxidant enzymes.

1. Curcuma Longa Extract (Tumeric)

The history

Tumeric has been used in Ayurvedic medicine, for many conditions, including breathing problems, rheumatism, serious pain, and fatigue. Today, turmeric is used as a dietary supplement for inflammation; arthritis; stomach, skin, liver, and gallbladder problems; cancer; and other conditions.

Curcumin has a long established safety record. For example, according to JECFA (The Joint United Nations and World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives) and EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) reports, the Allowable Daily Intake (ADI) value of curcumin is 0–3 mg/kg body weight. Several trials on healthy subjects have supported the safety and efficacy of curcumin.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

Curcumin is the main active ingredient in turmeric. This bioactive substance has powerful anti-inflammatory effects at molecular level, can suppress many molecules known to play major role in inflammation. Many studies show that curcumin matches and even more effective than some of anti-inflammatory drugs, without the side effects in treating arthritis related joint inflammation. Thus, curcumin is well known of control knee pain from osteoarthritis.

Curcumin also has powerful antioxidant effects. It neutralizes free radicals on its own but also stimulates your body's own antioxidant enzymes.

Curcumin has received worldwide attention for its multiple health benefits. Research suggests that curcumin can help in the management of:

• oxidative and inflammatory conditions,
• metabolic syndrome,
• arthritis,
• anxiety,
• exercise-induced inflammation and muscle soreness,
• enhancing recovery and subsequent performance in active people.

2. Boswellia Serrata Gum extract

Boswellia, also known as Indian frankincense, comes from the Boswellia serrata tree, native to India. It’s been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda and other traditional healing systems to treat conditions like arthritis, pain, fever, and heart disease.

It’s similar to turmeric in mechanisms of action and conditions treated; used together, curcumin and boswellia may have synergistic effects that make them more powerful than using each alone. In one study, a combination of boswellia and turmeric was significantly more effective in reducing pain than the prescription NSAID celecoxib, commonly used for arthritis.

Studies show that boswellia may reduce inflammation and useful in treating the following conditions:

• osteoarthritis (OA)
• rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• asthma
• inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Because boswellia is an effective anti-inflammatory, it can be an effective painkiller and may prevent the loss of cartilage. Some studies have found that it may even be useful in treating certain cancers, such as leukemia and breast cancer.

 

Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis 

The anti-inflammatory actions of boswellia have been shown in several studies to ease pain, reduce swelling, and improve mobility in people with arthritis or osteoarthritis. Some research shows a profound effect, including a reduction in arthritis symptoms by 45 to 67 percent, which is comparable to prescription medications, and a 35 percent reduction in inflammation.

It appears to be especially helpful in osteoarthritis of the knee; several studies have found significant reductions in knee pain, knee jerking, swelling, and pain while walking, and improvements in flexion in test subjects who took boswellia.

Unlike some herbs, which may take weeks to be effective, boswellia works quickly: in one study, boswellia extract reduced pain and considerably improved knee-joint functions, in some cases providing relief even within seven days.

 

Some research suggests that boswellia may interfere with the autoimmune process, which would make it an effective therapy for RA. Further research supports the effective anti-inflammatory and immune-balancing properties.

3. Vitamin B12 (METHYLCOBALAMIN)

Vitamin B12 is required for proper red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis.  Due to its role in energy metabolism, vitamin B12 is frequently promoted as an energy enhancer and an athletic performance and endurance booster. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes tiredness, weakness, nerve problems, such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, can also occur.

Methylcobalamin is the activated form of vitamin B12, was regarded as painkilling vitamin in some countries from 1950. Methylcobalamin or its combined use with other agents has the potential analgesic effect in specific patients, for example, nonspecific low back pain; neck pain; diabetic neuropathic pain.

Methylcobalamin also help in

• improved nerve conduction velocity;
• promoted injured nerve regeneration, recovering the neuromuscular functions in peripheral hyperalgesia and allodynia;
• inhibited the ectopic spontaneous discharges from peripheral primary sensory neurons in neuropathic pain states.

4. Collagen Peptide

As  the cartilage weakens and the amount of collagen in your body decreases as you get older, the risk of developing degenerative joint disorders such as osteoarthritis increases. you may start to feel stiff, achy joints. Collagen helps maintain the integrity of your cartilage, which is the rubber-like tissue that protects your joints .

Collagen intake help reduce joint pain and alleviate symptoms of arthritis.  Studies have shown that taking collagen supplements may help improve symptoms of osteoarthritis and reduce joint pain. Studies have suggested this may lead to lower inflammation, better support of your joints and reduced pain

• Helps support deteriorated joint matrixes.
• Helps improve long-term joint comfort and mobility.
• Type I collagen is the strongest of all known collagen types.

5. Calcium Carbonate

Calcium is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nervous system, teeth and heart. A naturally occurring element, calcium carbonate exists in oyster shells, limestone and chalk, and become calcium supplements. Elemental calcium is the amount of calcium actually absorbed by the body, for example, there is more elemental calcium in calcium carbonate compared with other form of Calcium. Calcium carbonate contains 40% of elemental calcium making it the highest concentration of calcium in supplement form for maximum absorption.

 

 

1. Acerola Cherry extract

Natural Vitamin content

Acerola cherry is a world famous super fruit provide important nutritive value, which contains abundant of antioxidants such as vitamin C, anthocyanins, bioflavonoids, phenolics, Vitamin B1,B2, B3, Vitamin A and Beta-carotene as well

Boost imunity

With the most well-known for being extremely rich in natural vitamin C. Acerola traditional uses include treatment for liver ailments, diarrhea, and dysentery. It often used to boost immunity to prevent and fight with colds or flu. Acerola is also one of the ingredient for a proprietary herbal medicine for allergic rhinitis.

 

Anti-ageing Properties

The high level of antioxidants found in acerola cherries is good for cleansing the bodys’ dangerous toxins and substances that cause body system illness and breakdown. The carotenoids in acerola cherry help protect eye health and boost the health of skin, while bioflavonoids help boost your cognitive function and prevent the onset of other age-related diseases.

Improve skin health

With the high antioxidants property and vitamin C, acerola eliminates free radicals, prevent skin aging, evens and brightens skin tone, and boosts collagen production for younger-looking skin that retains firmness and elasticity.

Improves Metabolism

The vitamin B famil, vitamins, including niacin, riboflavin, and folic acid, help to regulate the blood sugar level in healthy individuals, and improve metabolic processes to ensure the body runs smoothly.

1. Rose hip extract

Natural Vitamin C complex

Rose hip is rich of vitamin C, so it shares many uses with vitamin C including preventing and treating colds, flu, and vitamin C deficiencies.

It also contain a lot of beneficial components include vitamine C, A, E and vitamins B-complex, as well as minerals like calcium, iron, selenium, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, silicon, and zinc. Furthermore, the organic compounds, such as lycopene, pection, lutein, and beta-carotene, are also very powerful components, which include flavonoids, phytochemicals, and carotenoids also contribute to body health benefits.

3. Iron

Iron is an important nutrient that has a variety of functions in the body. It is essential for making red blood cells and transporting oxygen throughout the body. Vitamin C in rose hips can help improve the absorption of iron from the diet. Vitamin C assists in converting iron that is poorly absorbed, such as plant-based sources of iron, into a form that is easier to absorb. Thus, it help to keep body essential organs well-oxygenated, thus increasing metabolic activity and optimizing the functionality of various organ systems.

4. Antioxidant

The antioxidants in the rose hip improve skin texture and tone, and help treat pigmentation. The essential fatty acids in rose hip oil also prevent scarring and encourage skin regeneration. The vitamin C in rose hips helps maintain the health of blood vessels.

One major flavonoid in rose hip, called tiliroside, possesses commendable anti-inflammatory action. Rose hips contain certain bioactive compounds like phenols, tannins, and pectins – all of which help curb oxidative stress, which can otherwise lead to many illness.

1. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Well recognize

Vitamin C was first discovered in 1912, and is in the list of the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, which recognize Vitamin C is one of the most effective and safe medicines need in a human health system.

 

Collagen synthesis

Vitamin C functions as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in humans, that mediate a variety of essential biological functions, including wound healing and collagen synthesis.

In humans, vitamin C deficiency leads to impaired collagen synthesis, contributing to the more severe symptoms of scurvy.

Antioxidant

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps support the immune system and helps neutralize free radicals in the body.

Studies show that consuming more vitamin C can increase your blood antioxidant levels by up to 30%. This helps the body's natural defenses fight inflammation

Vitamin C helps encourage the production of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and phagocytes, which help protect the body against infections. It also helps these white blood cells function more effectively while protecting them from damage by potentially harmful molecules, such as free radicals.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. Vitamin C is good for prevention of the common cold, the evidence showed regular use may shorten the length of colds.

 

 

1. Probiotics- General

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when ingested, provide numerous health benefits. Your gut flora consists of hundreds of different types of microorganisms. Probiotics help your gut flora perform optimally. Probiotics are widely researched for their effects on digestive health. Many types of bacteria are classified as probiotics. They all have different benefits.

There are many other benefits of probiotics. They affect:

Inflammation: Probiotics reduce systemic inflammation, a leading driver of many diseases.

Depression and anxiety: The probiotic strains  Bifidobacterium longum have been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with clinical depression.

Blood cholesterol: Several probiotics have been shown to lower total and “bad” LDL cholesterol levels.

Blood pressure: Probiotics may also cause modest reductions in blood pressure.

 

Immune function: Several probiotic strains may enhance immune function, possibly leading to a reduced risk of infections, including for the common cold.

Skin health: There is some evidence that probiotics can be useful for acne, rosacea and eczema, as well as other skin disorders

2. Lactobacillus.

This may be the most common probiotic. There are more than 50 species of lactobacilli. They are naturally found in the digestive, urinary, and genital systems. Foods that are fermented, like yogurt, and dietary supplements also contain these bacteria. Lactobacillus has been used for treating and preventing a wide variety of diseases and conditions.

Some of the lactobacilli found in foods and supplements with proven effectiveness result are :

 

• Lactobacillus acidophilus, , 
• Lactobacillus bulgaricus, 
• Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG, 
• Lactobacillus plantarium,
• Lactobacillus salivarius, 
• Lactobacillus casei, 
• Lactobacillus brevis, and 
• Lactobacillus paracasei.

Studies have shown some benefits linked to Lactobacillus :

• treating and/or preventing yeast infections, 
• bacterial vaginosis, 
• urinary tract infection, 
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),  
• antibiotic-related diarrhea,
• traveler's diarrhea,
• diarrhea resulting from Clostridium difficile,
• treating lactose intolerance,
• kin disorders (fever blisters, eczema, acne, and canker sores),
• prevention of respiratory infections.

3. Bifidobacterium.

You can find it in some dairy products. There are approximately 30 species of bifidobacteria. They make up most of the healthy bacteria in the colon. They appear in the intestinal tract within days of birth, especially in breastfed infants and are thought to be the best marker of intestinal health.

Some of the bifidobacteria with proven result used as probiotics are 

• Bifidobacterium bifidum, 
• Bifidobacterium lactis, 
• Bifidobacterium longum, 
• Bifidobacterium breve.

Studies have shown that bifidobacteria can help with

• improving blood lipids and glucose
• effectively alleviate and significantly improve Imitable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptomslike pain /discomfort, distension/bloating, urgency, and digestive disorders.

4. Saccharomyces boulardii 

Is also known as S. boulardii and is the only yeast probiotic. It appears to help

• fight diarrhea and other digestive problems
• effective in preventing and treating diarrhea associated with the use of antibiotics and traveler's diarrhea.
• reduce side effects of treatment for  pylori.

1. Vitamins

Vitamins help your body grow and work the way it should. These product provides 12 vitamins—vitamins A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic  acid, biotin, B6, B12, and folate).

Vitamins have different jobs--helping you resist infections, keeping your nerves healthy, and helping your body get energy from food or your blood to clot properly.

No	Vitamin	Function
1	Vitamin A (vitamin A acetate)	Important for vision, reproductive function, and normal cell reproduction.
2	Vitamin B1 (thiamine mononitrate)	processes carbohydrates into energy, necessary for nerve cell function.
3	Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)	A crucial component of DNA replication and nerve cell regulation.
4	Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)	Helps the production of red blood cells and is important for growth.
5	Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide)	Helps control cholesterol, processes alcohol, maintains healthy skin
6	Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid )	converting fats to energy and synthesizing cholesterol.
7	Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride)	production of hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, and melatonin
8	Vitamin B7 Biotin (1% Bitotin)	convert food into energy, important for the health of your hair, skin and nails
9	Vitamin B9 Folate (folic acid)	helping produce and maintain new cells, for example new red blood cell
10	Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)	Important in wound healing and acts as an antioxidant.
11	Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)	Helps the body absorb calcium, which creates healthy bones and teeth
12	Vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate)	Helps to combat free radicals, which can damage our cells

 

2. Minerals

Minerals also help your body function. These product provides 6 minerals. Some are micro minerals, like iodine and iron, are only needed in very small quantities. Some are macro mineral, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, are needed in larger amounts.

No	Vitamin	Function
1	Calcium	keep bones and teeth healthy, enables blood to clot, muscles to contract,
2	Copper	make red blood cells, maintaining nerve cells and immune system
3	Iodine	ensure that the thyroid function works properly.
4	Iron	needed to transport oxygen in the blood
5	Magnesium	greater bone density, improved bone crystal formation, other enzyme function
6	Phosphate	filtering waste, repairing tissue and cells, involve to build bone

 

3. Beta-Carotenoids

The incidence of age-related eye diseases is expected to rise with the aging of the population.  There is evidence that dietary antioxidants and anti-inflammatories , like beta-carotene  and lutein, may provide benefit in decreasing the risk of age-related eye disease.

No	Vitamin	Function
1	Lutein	prevent eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
2	Beta Carotene	for healthy skin, immune system, and good eye health and vision

 

1. What is AMD?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss in ageing adults. AMD involves damage to the macula, a region of the retina that is packed with light-sensing cells called photoreceptors. The macula is important for central, high-resolution vision that is needed for tasks such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

AMD by itself does not lead to complete blindness, with no ability to see. However, the loss of central vision in AMD can interfere with simple everyday activities, such as the ability to see faces, drive, read, write, or do close work, such as cooking or fixing things around the house.

The causes of AMD it is associated with several risk factors:

• aging,
• high blood pressure,
• cardiovascular disease,
• obesity,
• smoking,
• diet high in fats and low in green leafy vegetables and fish
• a genetic component, can often runs in families, common among people of European descent.

1. What is cataract?

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye. Most cataracts are due to age-related changes in the lens of the eye that cause it to become cloudy or opaque. Cataract can be treated by surgically removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. Each year, the cost of outpatient, inpatient and prescription drug services related to cataract treatment totals about $6.8 billion in the U.S.

However, other factors can contribute to cataract development, including:

• Diabetes mellitus.People with diabetes are at higher risk for cataracts.
• Certain medications are associated with cataract development. These include:

Corticosteroids Chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine-related medications

• Ultraviolet radiation.Studies show an increased chance of cataract formation with unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• There is possibly an association between smoking and increased lens cloudiness.
• Several studies show increased cataract formation in patients with higher alcohol consumption compared with people who have lower or no alcohol consumption.
• Nutritional deficiency.Studies suggest an association between cataract formation and low levels of antioxidants (for example, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids). Further studies may show that antioxidants can help decrease cataract development.

1. What was the the AREDS ?

Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) launched in 1992, published in 2001, involved 4757 participants, age 55-80 at the time of enrollment, was designed to determine if daily intake of certain vitamins and minerals could reduce the risk of cataract and advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), evaluate a combination of vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and zinc–known as the AREDS formulation, the result showed a significant reduction of AMD with the formulation.

Antioxidants Plus Zinc Alone		Zinc Alone		Antioxidants
Reduced risk of developing advanced AMD by about 25 percent Reduced risk of vision loss by about 19 percent	Reduced risk of developing advanced AMD by about 21 percent Reduced risk of vision loss by about 11 percent		Reduced risk of developing advanced AMD by about 17 percent Reduced risk of vision loss by about 10 percent

What is the original AREDS formulation?

• 500 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C
• 400 international units of vitamin E
• 15 mg beta-carotene
• 80 mg zinc as zinc oxide
• 2 mg copper as cupric oxide

1. What was the AREDS2 ?

The goal of AREDS2 was to evaluate the effect of other nutrients — including lutein and zeaxanthin — on the prevention of AMD and other age-related eye diseases. AREDS2 also investigated the effect of removing beta-carotene from the AREDS supplement, since supplementation of this vitamin A precursor has been associated with increased risk of certain cancers among smokers and previous smokers.

The AREDS2 results revealed study participants with early signs of macular degeneration who took a modification of the original AREDS nutritional supplement that contained 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin (and no beta-carotene) every day for the 5-year study period had a 10 to 25 percent reduced risk of AMD progression. Study participants whose diets contained the lowest amounts of foods containing natural lutein and zeaxanthin experienced the greatest AMD risk reduction from taking the daily nutritional supplement.

AREDS2 and other studies provide evidence that lutein and zeaxanthin may play a role in preventing macular degeneration (or at least reducing the risk of progression of AMD)

What modifications were tested in AREDS2?

• 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin
• 350 mg DHA and 650 mg EPA
• No beta-carotene
• 25 mg zinc

1. Lutein and zeaxanthin

Good nutrition is important to keep your eyes healthy and functioning their best throughout your lifetime. Lutein and Zeaxanthin are two very important eye nutrients that may reduce your risk for macular degeneration and cataracts.

Lutein and zeaxanthin are two types of carotenoids , which are yellow to red pigments found widely in vegetables and other plants. They are yellow pigments responsible for the yellow colour of corn, marigolds, egg yolks. Though lutein is considered a yellow pigment, in high concentrations it appears orange-red.

A number of studies have found that lutein and zeaxanthin either help prevent AMD or may slow progression of the disease:

• Research published in Nutrition & Metabolism found that a nutritional supplement containing meso-zeaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin effectively increased the optical density of the macular pigment in eyes of the majority of human subjects. The macular pigment is believed to offer protection against the development of macular degeneration.
• Studies published in American Journal of Epidemiology, Ophthalmology and Archives of Ophthalmology found higher levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet are associated with a lower incidence of AMD.
• Two studies published in Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science found that eyes with greater levels of macular pigments were less likely to have or develop macular degeneration.
• In research published in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, the study authors conclude that lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin filter short-wavelength light and prevent or reduce the generation of free radicals in the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. They also suggest that a mixture of these carotenoids is more effective than any one of the individual carotenoids at the same total concentration.
• In a study published in the journal Optometry, participants with early AMD who consumed 8 mg per day of dietary zeaxanthin for one year improved their night driving and their visual acuity improved an average of 1.5 lines on an eye chart.

 

2. Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment that belongs to a group of chemicals called carotenoids. It occurs naturally in certain algae and causes the pink or red color in salmon, trout, lobster, shrimp, and other seafood.

Astaxanthin with strong antioxidant properties displayed one of the highest antioxidant activity against free radicals in some study. Over 500 scientific studies demonstrates astaxanthin’s health benefits in supporting our eye health, heart health, immune support, joint health, skin health and sports performance and recovery.

 

The way astaxanthin neutralizes harmful ROS/free radicals is gentler on the body’s cells compared to other antioxidants that can be harmful because they may turn into highly reactive molecules themselves.

The science behind astaxanthin for eye health

Astaxanthin supplementation can improve eye health in many different ways as the following scientific findings demonstrate:

• Improved blood flow in capillaries in the eye

(12 mg astaxanthin per day for 4 weeks)

• Improved accommodation amplitude

(5 mg astaxanthin per day for 4 weeks)

• Improved accommodation speed in subjects with eye fatigue

(6 mg astaxanthin per day for 4 weeks)

• Increased critical flicker fusion and sharper visual sensation

(6 mg astaxanthin per day for 4 weeks)

3. Zinc

Zinc is an essential trace mineral, or "helper molecule." It plays a vital role in bringing vitamin A from the liver to the retina in order to produce melanin, a protective pigment in the eyes. Zinc is highly concentrated in the eye, mostly in the retina and choroid, the vascular tissue layer under the retina. Impaired vision, such as poor night vision and cloudy cataracts, has been linked to zinc deficiency.

Benefits to Eye Health

People at high risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), or who are already experiencing the early stages of AMD, may benefit from increased zinc intake. The human body does not produce the zinc it needs, so daily intake of zinc through diet, nutritional supplements, or fortified foods and beverages is important for the maintenance of good eye health. Red meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, wheat germ, mixed nuts, black-eyed peas, tofu and beans contain zinc.

Zinc and AMD

The landmark Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), sponsored by the National Eye Institute, established that AMD is linked to nutrition. The study showed that individuals at high risk for AMD could slow the progression of advanced AMD by about 25 percent and visual acuity loss by 19 percent by taking 40-80 mg/day of zinc, along with certain antioxidants. Taking higher levels of zinc may interfere with copper absorption, which is why the AREDS study also included a copper supplement.

However, high doses of zinc may upset the stomach. Therefore, a follow-up study, AREDS2, which is currently in progress, is testing a more moderate dose of 25 mg/day.

4. Vitamin C

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Scientific evidence suggests vitamin C lowers the risk of developing cataracts. Risk factors for cataracts include smoking, diabetes and steroid use, which deplete the eye's lens of vitamin C.

Also, when taken with other essential nutrients, vitamin C can slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and visual acuity loss. AMD is the leading cause of blindness in people over age 55 in the Western world. The number of people with AMD is expected to triple by 2025.

Benefits to Eye Health

Vitamin C helps promote healthy capillaries, gums, teeth, cartilage and the absorption of iron. Almost all cells of the body depend on it, including those of the eye, where it is concentrated in all tissues. Vitamin C also supports the health of blood vessels in the eye. 

Our bodies do not create all of the vitamin C we need. This is why daily intake of vitamin C through diet, nutritional supplements, or fortified foods and beverages is important for maintaining good eye health.

Vitamin C and Cataracts

Numerous studies have linked vitamin C intake and decreased risk of cataracts. In one study, women taking vitamin C for 10 years or more experienced a 64 percent reduction in the risk of developing nuclear cataracts. Researchers estimate that by delaying the onset of cataracts for 10 years, half of cataract-related surgeries could be averted.

Other research showed that women taking a daily supplement with a dosage of 364 mg experienced a 57 percent reduction in their risk of certain types of cataracts. 

Taking a supplement with at least 300 mg/day of vitamin C appears to help prevent cataract development.

 

Vitamin C and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

The landmark Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), sponsored by the National Eye Institute, linked AMD and nutrition. The study showed that people at high risk for the disease who took 500 mg/day of vitamin C, along with beta-carotene, vitamin E and zinc supplementation, slowed the progression of advanced AMD by about 25 percent and visual acuity loss by 19 percent. Other studies have confirmed these results.

5. Vitamin E

 Research has shown that vitamin E, found in nuts, fortified cereals and sweet potatoes, can protect cells of the eyes from damage. This damage is caused by unstable molecules called free radicals, which break down healthy eye tissue. When this happens, the risks for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract formation increase.

Benefits to Eye Health

Studies indicate that vitamin E reduces the progression of AMD and cataract formation. Vitamin E also plays a significant role in the immune system, the health of cell membranes, DNA repair and other metabolic processes. 
The human body does not create the vitamin E it needs. This is why daily intake of vitamin E through your diet or nutritional supplements is important for good eye health.

Vitamin E and Cataracts

Studies have indicated adding vitamin E to the diet can delay cataract formation. A recent study demonstrated that higher dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin along with vitamin E significantly decreased the risk of cataracts.

Vitamin E and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

The landmark Age-Related Eye Disease Study (or AREDS), sponsored by the National Eye Institute, established that AMD is linked to nutrition. The study showed that a 400 IU/day intake of vitamin E, taken with beta-carotene, vitamin C and zinc supplementation, slows the progression of AMD by about 25 percent in individuals at high risk for the disease. Seven smaller studies have confirmed these results.

1. Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)

Calcium, the most abundant mineral in the body, less than 1% of total body calcium is needed to support these critical metabolic functions, the remaining 99% of the body’s calcium supply is stored in the bones and teeth where it supports their structure and function.

A naturally occurring element, calcium carbonate exists in oyster shells, limestone and chalk, and become calcium supplements. Elemental calcium is the amount of calcium actually absorbed by the body, for example, there is more elemental calcium in calcium carbonate compared with other form of Calcium. Calcium carbonate contains 40% of elemental calcium making it the highest concentration of calcium in supplement form for maximum absorption.

Bone itself undergoes continuous remodeling, with constant resorption and deposition of calcium into new bone. The balance between bone resorption and deposition changes with age. Bone formation exceeds resorption in periods of growth in children and adolescents, whereas in early and middle adulthood both processes are relatively equal.

Bones increase in size and mass during periods of growth in childhood and adolescence, reaching peak bone mass around age 30. The greater the peak bone mass, the longer one can delay serious bone loss with increasing age. Everyone should therefore consume adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D throughout childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.

In aging adults, bone loss also occurs as part of the normal aging process, particularly in postmenopausal women due to decreased amounts of estrogen, bone breakdown exceeds formation, resulting in bone loss that increases the risk of osteoporosis over time.

Many factors increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, including being female, thin, inactive, or of advanced age; smoking cigarettes; drinking excessive amounts of alcohol; and having a family history of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis, a disorder characterized by porous and fragile bones, is a serious public health problem for more than 10 million U.S. adults, 80% of whom are women.

The two main forms of calcium in supplements are carbonate and citrate. Calcium carbonate is more commonly available and is both inexpensive and convenient. Due to its dependence on stomach acid for absorption, calcium carbonate is absorbed most efficiently when taken with food, whereas calcium citrate is absorbed equally well when taken with or without food. Calcium carbonate is 40% calcium by weight, whereas calcium citrate is 21% calcium.

2. Magnesium

Magnesium is one of the essential macro mineral, involved in bone formation and influences the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Magnesium also affects the concentrations of both parathyroid hormone and the active form of vitamin D, which are major regulators of bone homeostasis. Several population-based studies have found positive associations between magnesium intake and bone mineral density in both men and women. Other research has found that women with osteoporosis have lower serum magnesium.

Nearly every tissue and cell in our body has a vitamin D receptor. Without enough activated vitamin D in the body, dietary calcium cannot be absorbed. Magnesium play a role of active transporter of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, it helps to regulate calcium transport and aid in  the influx of calcium into bones.

Magnesium also works with ATP to release the energy needed for many reactions in the body. It plays an important role in protein formation, nerve impulse conduction, a healthy muscle function and contraction, and a normal heart rhythm.

Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation.

Magnesium is required for energy production, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. It contributes to the structural development of bone and is required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and the antioxidant glutathione.

The American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society concluded that magnesium therapy is “probably effective” for migraine prevention.

Magnesium is also a primary ingredient in some laxatives, and is included in some remedies for heartburn and upset stomach due to acid indigestion.

1. Vitamin D3

Vitamin D, obtained from food and produced by skin when exposed to sunlight of sufficient intensity, improves calcium absorption. Supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D has been shown to be effective in reducing fractures and falls (which can cause fractures) in institutionalized older adults.

Calcium is essential for signaling between brain cells, development of bone, and tooth formation. Let’s be honest, nobody likes rickets.

Studies also reveal that low vitamin D levels in the body are associated with:

• Increased loss of muscle strength and mass as we age
• Increased risk of cancers
• Lower levels of immunity
• Higher blood pressure
• The development of neurological disorders
• The development of diabetes

In 1993, the FDA authorized a health claim related to calcium and osteoporosis for foods and supplements. In January 2010, this health claim was expanded to include vitamin D. Model health claims include the following: “Adequate calcium throughout life, as part of a well-balanced diet, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis” and “Adequate calcium and vitamin D as part of a healthful diet, along with physical activity, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life” .

4. Zinc

Zinc, a trace mineral that plays a role in the synthesis of collagen in bone tissue. Is also participates in antioxidant processes and involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism. It is required for the catalytic activity of approximately 100 enzymes and it plays a role in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis and cell division.

1. Omega 3 Fish Oil

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered essential fatty acids. As the body’s ability to synthesize them is limited, they are essential to human health, and have to be consumed as part of a normal diet.

There are several sources, for instance, flaxseed oil, the Omega-3 fatty acids can be derived- but they must first be metabolized in the body to create EPA and DHA. Due to the very inefficient necessary conversion , therefore considerably more effective to take in EPA and DHA in the form of omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish source rather than from vegetable sources.

Fish and fish oils are rich in these long chain omega-3 fatty acids.

Fish oil Omega-3 contains many type of fatty acids that are essential nutrients and important  in general health, especially preventing and managing heart related disease.

The 2 most well known of the omega-3 fish oil fatty acids are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).

2. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): The best-known omega-3 fatty acid, EPA helps the body synthesize chemicals involved in blood clotting and inflammation
3. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): In humans, this omega-3 fatty acid is a key part of sperm, the retina, a part of the eye, and the cerebral cortex, a part of the brain. DHA is present throughout the body, especially in the brain, the eyes and the heart. It is also present in breast milk.

Findings show omega-3 fatty acids may help to:

• Lower blood pressure
• Reduce triglycerides and help to maintain a good cholesterol level
• Slow the development of plaque in the arteries
• reduce some of the risks associated with heart disease.
• Promote healthy and balance mood

Fish oil has strong anti-inflammatory effects and can help reduce symptoms of inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis

Here are some study that support the claim of EPA and DHA involved in reduced cholesterol level and support heart health, reduce the inflammation and pain of rheumatoid arthritis, and promote healthy and balance mood;

A Daily doses of EPA+DHA as low as 0.7 g show clinically meaningful Blood Pressure reductions

-Consumption of Fish Oil Providing Amounts of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid That Can Be Obtained from the Diet Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults with Systolic Hypertension (J Nutr. 2016 Mar;146(3):516-23. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.220475. Epub 2016 Jan 27)

B Fish oil consumption improves HDL cholesterol, increases LDL cholesterol levels

-Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review. (Atherosclerosis. 2006 Nov;189(1):19-30. Epub 2006 Mar 10)

C products providing 1,000-5,000 mg EPA and DHA, per day and containing a ratio of EPA:DHA between 0.5:1 and 2:1

.   Helps to reduce serum triglycerides/triacylglycerols (EFSA 2012; Oh 2005; Balk et al. 2004; Hooper et al. 2004; Nilsen et al. 2001; Sirtori et al. 1998).

.   Helps to reduce serum triglycerides and maintain/support cardiovascular health (EFSA 2012; Oh 2005; Balk et al. 2004; Hooper et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2004; Leaf et al. 2003; Kris-Etherton et al. 2002; Nilsen et al. 2001; Sirtori et al. 1998).

1. For individuals at high risk of fatal ventricular arrhythmias, regular daily ingestion of fish oil fatty acids may significantly reduce potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias

-Prevention of fatal arrhythmias in high-risk subjects by fish oil n-3 fatty acid intake. (Circulation. 2005 Nov 1;112(18):2762-8.) 

1. Atherosclerotic plaques readily incorporate n-3 PUFAs from fish-oil supplementation, inducing changes that can enhance stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Stability of plaques could explain reductions in non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular events associated with increased n-3 PUFA intake.

-Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques (Lancet. 2003 Feb 8;361(9356):477-85.)

1. Products providing 2,800-5,000 mg EPA and DHA, per day and containing a ratio of EPA:DHA between 0.5:1 and 2:1

.   In conjunction with conventional therapy, helps to reduce the pain of rheumatoid arthritis in adults (EFSA 2012; Volker et al. 2000; Sköldstam et al. 1992).

1. Products providing 1,500-5,000 mg EPA and DHA including at least 1000 mg EPA, per day and a ratio of EPA:DHA between 1.75:1 and 2:1

.  Helps to promote healthy mood balance (EFSA 2012; Nemets et al. 2006; Sontrop and Campbell 2006; Fontani et al. 2005a,b; Zanarini and Frankenburg 2003; Peet and Horrobin 2002; Stoll et al. 1999).

1. Red Yeast Rice extract (Monascus Purpureus)

Red yeast rice is a type of fermented rice that is produced using a specific species of mold. It contains substances called Monacolin K, which are produced by the yeast. Monacolin K is chemically identical to the active ingredient in the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin, which is one of the drugs in the category known as statins. These drugs lower blood cholesterol levels by reducing the production of cholesterol by the liver. For this reason, it’s often used as a cost-effective alternative to pricey medications to help reduce cholesterol levels and support heart health.

Research has shown other beneficial effects as well, ranging from reduced cancer cell growth to improved blood sugar and insulin levels. Today, red yeast rice is commonly sold as an over-the-counter supplement marketed to help manage cholesterol and improve overall health. One of its most well-documented effects is its ability to lower cholesterol. Research shows that it can effectively reduce both total and LDL cholesterol levels. Supplementing with red yeast rice may help reduce inflammation and promote better health in the long term.

The composition of red yeast rice products varies depending on the yeast strains and culture conditions used to manufacture them. The strains and conditions used to produce culinary red yeast rice differ from those used to produce products that are intended to lower cholesterol. Tests performed by the FDA indicate that the red yeast rice sold as a food product contains only traces of monacolin K or none at all.  Analysis showed that some of the red yeast rice products on the market contain very little monacolin K. These products may have little or no effect on blood cholesterol levels.

NutrinLife Red Yeast Rice extract is uniformly standardized to provide the full range of active constituents naturally occurring in red yeast rice.  With the source of Monascus Purpureus, each capsule contains 2.0 mg of Monacolin K. It has been quality tested to assure maximum benefit.   Each tablet is a revolutionary extended-release system that provides rapid and sustained results. Providing the greatest concentration, NutrinLife Red Yeast rice maximizes the synergistic benefits of the whole extract.

 

2. CoEnzyme Q10 (Ubidecarenone / Ubiquinone)

Coenzyme Q10, or CoQ10, is a substance that the human body makes naturally. Research has shown that CoQ10 plays several key roles in your body. One of its primary functions is to help generate energy in your cells.

CoQ10 can help in treating heart failure by improving heart function, and limiting oxidative damage. Supplementing with CoQ10 can help to prevent and treat migraines, as it increases mitochondrial function and reduces inflammation.

CoQ10 also functions as a powerful antioxidant, can help lower oxidative damage, help to fight free radicals that can damage cells and DNA, promote exercise capacity and decrease fatigue.

Taking CoQ10 supplements can help increase your CoQ10 levels and may reduce statin side effects. In a study published in the American Journal of Cardiology, researchers indicate that using CoQ10 supplements seemed to decrease the muscle breakdown, pain, and discomfort of people taking statins.

1. CoEnzyme Q10 (Ubidecarenone / Ubiquinone)

This fat-soluble substance, present in all respiring eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria,  participates in  generates  Ninety-five percent of the human body's energy. Therefore, those organs with the highest energy requirements—such as the heart, liver, and kidney—have the highest CoQ10 concentrations. It also act as a free-radical–scavenging antioxidant CoQ10 can help in treating heart failure by improving heart function, and limiting oxidative damage. Supplementing with CoQ10 can help to prevent and treat migraines, as it increases mitochondrial function and reduces inflammation. Exercise performance can be affected by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. CoQ10 can help lower oxidative damage, promote exercise capacity and decrease fatigue. There are two major factors that lead to deficiency of CoQ10 in humans: reduced biosynthesis, and increased use by the body. Some chronic disease conditions (cancer, heart disease, etc.) also are thought to reduce the biosynthesis of and increase the demand for CoQ10 in the body. Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, can reduce serum levels of CoQ10 by up to 40%. A 2018 meta-analysis concluded that there was preliminary evidence for oral CoQ10 reducing statin-associated muscle symptoms, including muscle pain, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and muscle tiredness.

2. Vitamin E (D-Alpha Tocopherol)

Vitamin E is the collective name for a group of fat-soluble compounds with distinctive antioxidant activities. Alpha- (or α-) tocopherol is the only form of Vitamin E, that is recognized to meet human requirements. This natural Vitamin E is not oxidized and can penetrate to the living cell, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life. The body forms free radicals endogenously when it converts food to energy. The body is also exposed to free radicals from environment exposures, such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Free radicals damage cells and might contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Vitamin E is a fat soluble antioxidant that stops the production of free radicals production when fat undergoes oxidation. Many claims have been made about vitamin E’s potential to promote health and prevent and treat disease. Vitamin E might provide this protection include its function as an antioxidant and its roles in anti-inflammatory processes, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and immune enhancement. Vitamin E might also help to prevent the formation of blood clots that could lead to a heart attack or venous thromboembolism Several observational studies have associated lower rates of heart disease with higher vitamin E intakes. One study involved approximately 90,000 nurses found that the incidence of heart disease was 30% to 40% lower in those with the highest intakes of vitamin E, primarily from supplements. Among a group of total 5,133 with men and women followed for a mean of 14 years, higher vitamin E intakes from food were associated with decreased mortality from chronic heart disease.

3. Astaxanthin 

Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment that belongs to a group of chemicals called carotenoids. It occurs naturally in certain algae and causes the pink or red color in salmon, trout, lobster, shrimp, and other seafood. Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant that can reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and helps protect the immune system. It can also can help to improve blood flow, help to lovering oxidative stress especially in smokers and overweight people. A comparison study of astaxanthin and other carotenoids showed that it displayed the highest antioxidant activity against free radicals. Over 500 scientific studies demonstrates astaxanthin’s health benefits in supporting our eye health, heart health, immune support, joint health, skin health and sports performance and recovery